Tims, “A 5-to 50-kHz synthetic cylindrical nearfield calibration array,” J.
Van Buren, “Cylindrical nearfield calibration array.” J. Luker, and J.F.Zalesak, “Free-field acoustic calibration of long underwater acoustic arrays in a closed chamber,” submitted to J. Scott, “Automated digital benchtop calibration system for hydrophone arrays,” J. Am., 62, 91–101 (1977).Ī description of this method is given in the reference by L.D. Trott, “Low-Frequency technique for the underwater calibration of individual elements of a line hydrophone array,” J. Ainsleigh, “Stepped sine response modeling using noisy sampled data,” NRL Memorandum Report No. Ainsleigh, “A constrained Newton algorithm for maximum likelihood modeling of sums of exponentials in noise,” Proc. Ainsleigh, “Estimating steady-state response of a resonant transducer in a reverberant underwater environment,” Proc. Robinson, “Use of the complex exponential expansion as a signal representation for underwater acoustic calibration,” J. USRD Transducer Catalog, April 1982, Naval Research Laboratory, Underwater Sound Reference Detachment, P. Beranek, Acoustic Measurements, Wiley, New York (1949). Van Buren, “Phase calibration of hydrophones,” J. Cook, “Absolute pressure calibration of microphones,” J. MacLean, “Absolute measurement of sound without a primary standard,” J. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. Bobber, Underwater Electroacoustic Measurements, U. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Finally, some comments are made about calibration system requirements for implementing new measurement techniques. Next a description of ongoing research in calibration measurement methodology is presented. Measurement methods for calibrating transducers are then discussed. It first covers the measurement facilities for performing the services. This paper describes the calibration, test, and evaluation services.
Calibration, test, and evaluation services and standard transducer loan services cover the frequency range of 0.2 Hz to 2 MHz. The Underwater Sound Reference Detachment of the Naval Research Laboratory evolved from this beginning and now serves as the focus for underwater acoustic metrology in the United States, it functions as a “National Bureau of Standards for Underwater Acoustics” by providing two types of reference services for a fee. At the beginning of Worid War II, the United States recognized the need for establishing systematic methods for calibrating and evaluating sonar transducers and established the Underwater Sound Reference Laboratories.